内战

捕获哈特拉斯入口

发表于
哈特拉斯角的地图。由Weather.com提供

内战的第一个合并行动是占领哈特拉斯入口。同盟炮舰和私人商人在北卡罗来纳州哈特拉斯角航行时使用了此入口。这些南方商业突袭者的折旧对卡罗来纳人来说是有利可图的。但是，北方的损失变得如此重大，以至于几个主要的海上保险经纪人要求对这种情况做些事情。这促使工会的哈特拉斯入口行动的发展。[1]

北卡罗来纳’s Outer Banks

北卡罗莱纳的声音从Virgini达成a border to Cape Lookout, the eastern border of North Carolina. Four major inlets could be used to reach the Atlantic Ocean from the Sounds: Hatteras, Oregon, Ocracoke, and Beaufort (Old Inlet). Hatteras Inlet was best situated for commerce raiding. Cape Hatteras was the easternmost point within the Confederacy, overlooking the Gulf Stream. This current was very popular with merchant ships trading between Northern ports like New York, the Caribbean, and South America. Using the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse, the Confederates could signal waiting raiders about tempting merchantmen targets. “The enemy’s commerce,” wrote North Carolina governor John Ellis on April 27, 1861, “could be cut off by privateers on the coast of No. Carolina.” [2]Read more

内战

Gosport海军院被捕获

发表于
诺福克的海军场。哈珀周刊，1861年。国会图书馆。

The crisis at Gosport had reached its zenith by the morning of April 20, 1861. Flag Officer Charles Stewart McCauley appeared to have given up all hope of saving or defending Gosport Navy Yard. Early that morning, he learned that militia troops had seized Fort Norfolk and an extremely useful magazine filled more than 250,000 pounds of gunpowder. Therefore, McCauley believed he had no choice but to destroy the shipyard so that it would not fall into the hands of the Virginians.

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内战

危机中的戈斯波特

发表于
USS梅里马克，，，，ca. 1855. Lithograph after drawing by G.G. Pook. Courtesy of US Naval History & Heritage Command NH#46248

1861年4月的第一周，整个南方的紧张局势越来越大。虽然上南方尚未加入邦联，但林肯政府对威胁战争云和弗吉尼亚州等州的可能性保持警惕，离开了联盟。海军吉迪恩·韦尔斯（Gideon Welles）秘书认识到高斯波特海军院子和蒸汽螺丝护卫舰USS梅里马克were tempting targets for pro-secessionist Virginians. Accordingly, on April 10,1861, Welles advised Gosport Navy Yard commandant Flag Officer Charles Stewart McCauley that he must show great vigilance in protecting the yard. He stated that it was important that one of the US Navy’s most modern warships,梅里马克，，，，修理并移至另一个海军院子。韦尔斯补充说，麦考利无所事事地让弗吉尼亚人打扰，并利用他的最佳判断来履行职责来保护戈斯波特。韦尔斯得出结论，“希望不必采取任何步骤来发出不必要的警报。”

梅里马克海洋的准备

戈斯波特的指挥官在4月11日通过电报回应，指出要花费一个月的时间才能振兴梅里马克’s dismantled engines. Welles was shocked by McCauley’s reply, calling the yard commandant “feeble and incompetent for the crisis.” He sent US Navy’s chief engineer, Benjamin Franklin Isherwood, to Gosport to prepare梅里马克用于海。伊瑟伍德估计，他将花费一个星期的时间来重新打造该船的发动机。指挥官詹姆斯·奥尔登（James Alden）被命令陪同伊瑟伍德（Isherwood）并承担护卫舰的指挥。他们于1861年4月14日到达Gosport海军院子。Isherwood立即开始恢复工作梅里马克的机械。Read more

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