内战 Hampton Roads History

Naval Intelligence in Hampton Roads: 1861-1862

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CSS弗吉尼亚.
水手博物馆。

There was no formal naval intelligence system established during the American Civil War. While a few examples exist of Northern sympathizers, free Blacks, like Mary Louvestre of Portsmouth, sent messages to various Union commanders about the Confederate ironclad construction effort. These links were unofficial and were generally between one Union officer and an individual. The Union nor the Confederacy needed to rely on such clandestine methods since Northern and Southern newspapers provided ample information, usually in a boastful manner. Each antagonist simply needed to obtain a copy ofThe New York Timesor移动寄存器to gather all they needed to know about ironclad development.

联盟情报能够获得有关的宝贵知识CSS的建设和即将攻击Virginia. The information appeared to flow back and forth across Hampton Roads. On October 6, 1861, Major General John Ellis Wool, stationed at Fort Monroe as commander of the Union Department of Virginia, wrote to Lieutenant General Winfield Scott:阅读更多

内战

捕获新奥尔良：法拉古特的名声

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Map depicting the delta of the Mississippi River and approaches to New Orleans. Printed by Government printing office in 1904 as part of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies.

New Orleans was the largest city in the Confederacy with more than 120,000 inhabitants. This cosmopolitan community was a leading shipping, shipbuilding, and industrial center. The city controlled the commerce of the entire Mississippi Valley and its tributaries, like the Ohio, Missouri, and Red rivers. While it was ever so critical for the Confederacy to maintain control of this city, events elsewhere, especially in Tennessee, resulted in New Orleans having inadequate defenses and naval support. The city’s loss would have significant implications.

同盟国海军准备

曼斯菲尔德·洛维尔（Mansfield Lovell）少将和旗军官乔治·霍林斯（George Hollins）感到非常沮丧，新奥尔良被剥夺了大多数士兵，大炮和军舰。许多人认为，联邦政府将试图通过联盟部队降落在密西西比州。霍林斯（Hollins）辩称，不服从于一定程度，即尽一切可能阻止联盟舰队从墨西哥湾进入密西西比河。他主张说，随着工会船被照亮以使酒吧穿过西南通道，联邦政府非常容易受到攻击，霍林斯希望这样做。他引起了骚动，以至于他被重新分配给弗吉尼亚州的里士满。阅读更多

内战

First Assault on Fort Fisher: Ben Butler and the Powder Boat Scheme

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北卡罗来纳州费舍尔堡（Fort Fisher），1865年的前三个遍历的室内景观。礼貌的国会图书馆。

长期以来，海军吉迪恩·韦尔斯（Gideen Welles）的联盟秘书将北卡罗来纳州的威尔明顿（Wilmington）承认为战争中的主要封锁运动员避风港。他曾试图建立一场探险，以夺取威尔明顿的主要后卫费舍尔堡。韦尔斯与后海军上将塞缪尔·李（Samuel P.一个好主意：但是，这种攻击方式是不切实际的pass班级监视器的草稿太深了，无法进入河流。联邦政府；然而，并没有忘记恐惧斗篷。

CONCEPT CONCEIVED

The Federals knew that Wilmington needed to be closed; yet, they also recognized the magnitude and extent of the Cape Fear defenses. Fort Fisher was key to General Robert E. Lee’s defense of Petersburg and Richmond. The food, weapons, ammunition, clothing, and medicines that Lee’s army relied upon all came from Wilmington, North Carolina. If this port city were to be captured, Lee would have to abandon his trenches outside of Petersburg.阅读更多

内战

Gosport海军院被捕获

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诺福克的海军场。哈珀周刊，1861年。国会图书馆。

The crisis at Gosport had reached its zenith by the morning of April 20, 1861. Flag Officer Charles Stewart McCauley appeared to have given up all hope of saving or defending Gosport Navy Yard. Early that morning, he learned that militia troops had seized Fort Norfolk and an extremely useful magazine filled more than 250,000 pounds of gunpowder. Therefore, McCauley believed he had no choice but to destroy the shipyard so that it would not fall into the hands of the Virginians.

逃生计划阅读更多

内战

Siege of Yorktown: The Navies

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1862年4月，约克镇的围困。Worret，撰稿人。礼貌的国会图书馆。
CSSVirginia启用1862年对约克镇的防御

1862年春季，联盟将军乔治·布林顿·麦克莱伦（George Brinton McClellan）在华盛顿特区举行了一支非常强大的军队。联盟最近已经在密西西比河及其支流沿线取得了几项重大胜利，并捕捉了北卡罗来纳州的声音。麦克莱伦（McClellan）的军队已经准备好并准备在弗吉尼亚州里士满的同盟首都罢工。麦克莱伦将军，通常被称为“年轻拿破仑”或“小麦克”，与陆路前往里士满无关。

这条路被将军约瑟夫·e·乔·Johnston’s 45,000-strong army defending Manassas. In an effort to flank and isolate Johnston’s army away from Richmond, McClellan conceived the Urbanna Plan to move his army to the Rappahannock River at Urbanna, Virginia, and then strike directly at Richmond. Before the Union general could implement his campaign, Joe Johnston abandoned his Manassas defenses beginning March 6, 1862, and fell back to Fredericksburg. McClellan quickly offered a secondary amphibious operation to strike at Richmond by way of the Virginia Peninsula.阅读更多